Bertha K. Baum Free Essays

Dear (embed title and name of chief here), Thank you for setting aside the effort to examine the Insert Job title position at Insert Company Name with me. In the wake of meeting with you I am additionally persuaded that my experience and aptitudes correspond with your requirements. I truly value the time you took to familiarize me with the organization. We will compose a custom exposition test on Bertha K. Baum or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now It is no big surprise that Insert Company Name holds its workers for such a long time. I believe I could take in a lot from you and would positively appreciate working with you. Notwithstanding my capabilities and experience, I will bring fantastic work propensities and judgment to this position. With the incalculable requests on your time, I am certain that you require individuals who can be trusted to complete their obligations with least management. I look forward, Insert Name of supervisor here, to got notification from you concerning your employing choice. Once more, thank you for your time and Consideration. Genuinely, Bertha K. Baum The most effective method to refer to Bertha K. Baum, Papers

Computer security Essay

1. What is a PHP Remote File Include (RFI) assault, and for what reason are these pervasive in today’s Internet world? RFI represents Remote File Inclusion that permits the assailant to transfer an exclusively coded/pernicious record on a site or server utilizing a content. This helplessness abuses the poor approval checks in sites and can in the end lead to code execution on server or code execution on site (XSS assault utilizing javascript). RFI is a typical powerlessness and all site hacking isn't totally centered around SQL infusion. Utilizing RFI you can destroy the sites, gain admittance to the server and do nearly anything. What makes it increasingly risky is that you just need to have your good judgment and essential information on PHP to execute this one, some BASH may come convenient as a large portion of servers today are facilitated on Linux. 2. What nation is the top host of SQL Injection and SQL Slammer contaminations? Why can’t the US Government successfully forestall these infusion assaults and diseases? The United States of America is at the highest priority on the rundown with regards to SQL Injections and SQL Slammer diseases, China comes in second. Cybercriminals have made immense upgrades to their framework throughout the most recent couple of years. Its extension is a large number of sites helpless against SQL Injections. Malevolent code essayists have misused these vulnerabilities to convey malware so snappy that the legislature can't contain such a huge amount. The tainted web servers diverted clueless guests to malevolent sites, at that point the victim’s PCs were then exposed to customer side endeavor code. When tainted, these PCs were added to the a huge number of bots heavily influenced by programmers. The aggressors knew antivirus organizations would compose updates and programming sellers w ill fix their code so they ensured their pernicious sites were stacked with an assortment of adventure codes. 3. I don't get it's meaning to have an approach of Nondisclosure in an association? It is where the gatherings make a deal to avoid revealing data secured by the understanding. It plots private material, information, or data that the gatherings wish to impart to each other for specific purposes, yet wish to confine access to or by outsiders. 4. What Trends were followed when it came to Malicious Code in 2009 by the Symantec Report investigated during this lab? DoS assaults are constantly normal, anyway focused on assaults utilizing progressed steady dangers (SPT) that happened in 2009 stood out as truly newsworthy. 5. What is Phishing? Portray what a run of the mill Phishing assaults endeavor to achieve. Phishing is Internet extortion that endeavors to pick up user’s accreditations by double dealing. It incorporates robbery of passwords, charge card numbers, financial balance subtleties and other private data. Phishing messages as a rule appear as phony warnings from banks, suppliers, e-pay frameworks and different associations. These warnings empower its beneficiaries, to enter/update their own information. Reasons can differ yet as a rule identify with loss of information, framework breakdown, and so on. 6. What is the Zero Day Initiative? Do you think this is important, and would you take an interest in the event that you were the overseeing accomplice in a huge firm? It is a program for remunerating security scientists for capably uncovering vulnerabilities. The result can be useful for the organization in methods for shielding its framework from hurt, however may likewise uncover shortcomings that can harm the company’s notoriety. This approach further consoles specialists that for no situation will any of their disclosures be â€Å"swept under the rug.† I would take an interest, however we should breeze through an inward review without a hitch before joining with the program. 7. What is a Server Side Include (SSI)? What are the repercussions if a SSI abuse is fruitful? The Server-Side Includes assault permits the abuse of a web application by infusing contents in HTML pages or executing subjective codes remotely. It very well may be abused through control of SSI being used in the application or power its utilization through client input fields. The assailant can get to touchy data, for example, secret phrase documents, and execute shell orders. The SSI orders are infused in input fields and they are sent to the web server. The web server parses and executes the mandates before providing the page. At that point, the assault result will be visible whenever that the page is stacked for the user’s program. 8. As indicated by the TippingPoint Report examined in this lab how do SMB assaults match HTTP assaults in the ongoing past? Symantec distinguished a noteworthy move in an assailants strategies: 31% of focused assaults were focused on organizations with less than 250 workers. This shows a triple increment from Symantec Corp.’s 2012 report, and is the most recent sign that assailants are widening their quest for powerless targets. 9. As indicated by the TippingPoint Report, what are a portion of the PHP RFI payload impacts DVLabs has recognized for the current year? The regular vulnerabilities in a CMS are unpatched or ineffectively fixed modules as opposed profoundly framework. Poor fix the board speaks to a huge opening in the general security of the association. 10. Clarify the means it takes to execute a Malicious PDF Attack as depicted in the Tipping Point Report? Each new arrival of a toolbox is probably going to contain another zero-day abuse that gives the assailant higher odds of contaminating focused on has. Some toolboxs keep old endeavors (4+ years) to cover a corner case in which focused hosts are running more seasoned, unpatched renditions of defenseless programming. Assailants tainting whatever number has as could reasonably be expected to build productivity by adapting the misused frameworks. 11. What is a Zero Day assault and how does this identify with an organization’s weakness window? A multi day helplessness is an opening in programming that is obscure to the merchant. Programmers abuse before the merchant acknowledges it and hustles to fix it. The association is powerless until the seller comes out with a fix. 12. How might you alleviate the hazard from clients and workers from tapping on an imbedded URL connection or email connection from obscure sources? Steady mindfulness endeavors persistently made the association. Guarantee caricaturing is remembered for the associations AUP, practice chance moderation activities to implant in the clients minds not to tap on spontaneous messages, particularly those from web based life. 13. While examining an association for consistence, what job does IT security strategies and an IT security strategy system play in the consistence review? They assume a significant job. Supervisors are answerable for putting and observing IT controls on frameworks. Ranking directors are answerable for making the association meet administration necessities. Framework executives are answerable for actualizing IT controls and give information overseer capacities. Hazard chiefs are liable for overseeing dangers related with consistence inside the association. IT examiners are liable for data confirmation. Information proprietors are answerable for recognizing which information should be secured. 14. When playing out a security appraisal, for what reason is it a smart thought to analyze consistence in independent compartments like the seven areas of a run of the mill IT foundation? They are integrated. 15. Valid or False. Evaluating for consistence and performing security appraisals to accomplish consistence requires an agenda of consistence prerequisites. Valid. There are various prerequisites per every consistence.

PTSD and the Psychological Effects of Hurricane Katrina

PTSD and the Psychological Effects of Hurricane Katrina PTSD Causes Print PTSD and the Psychological Effects of Hurricane Katrina Natural Disasters and PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on January 29, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children ParkerDeen / Getty Images Near the end of August 2005, Hurricane Katrina slammed into the Gulf Coast, and this event has led many to examine whether there is a relationship between PTSD and Hurricane Katrina. All across the United States, people watched as the citizens of the Gulf Coast attempted to cope with this natural disaster. Hurricane Katrina caused a tremendous amount of physical damage. Entire communities were destroyed. However, we are just beginning to truly understand the psychological impact of this hurricane. The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Mental Health Researchers at the University of New Orleans, the University of Southern Mississippi, Stanford University, and Arizona State University surveyed 386 people who lived in areas that were affected by Hurricane Katrina. They asked them a number of questions about how the hurricane affected them. What they found is alarming. Many people impacted by Hurricane Katrina experienced stressful and traumatic events during and as a result of the hurricane. In fact, people said they experienced, on average, about 2 traumatic events during the course of the storm. Many also said that they had the following experiences: Being separated from their children, friends, neighbors, and relativesHaving their home damaged or destroyedSeeing others who were hurt, sick, or had diedGetting hurt or sickSeeing crime or violence In addition, over 50% of people surveyed also reported that they had the following symptoms of PTSD and general distress: Upsetting memories and thoughts about the hurricaneFeeling upset after being reminded of the hurricaneTrying to avoid thoughts, feelings, and conversations about the eventIncreased irritability and angerWorries that the event could happen againFeeling on edge and tense Finally, they found that residents of Mississippi who were affected by the hurricane had a greater number of PTSD symptoms as compared to people in New Orleans; however, people in Mississippi also were found to have more social support than people in New Orleans. Getting Help It is clear that Hurricane Katrina had a major social and psychological impact on people in the Gulf Coast region of the United States. If you have been affected by Hurricane Katrina or any other natural disaster, there is help available. The National Center for PTSD provides a number of fact sheets on the effects of natural disasters and how to cope with them. They also provide links for people interested in sending help or for those who need help, such as finding loved ones or receiving support.

Movie, Blade Runner, The City And People Are Very Similar...

In the movie, Blade Runner, the city and people are very similar. They are both very different and mysterious. The characters are not very well explained at first so give that mystery feel to them. The city is very dark and different that other normal cities which make the city also look mysterious. The director did this to add depth to the film and have the unknown so you can interpret your own ideas into the movie. The city and the people are all characters in a film. They are the parts of the film that tell the story. The characters all play important roles. Without all of them the movie would not be the same. It could have the same storyline but with different people and a different city it becomes a new film. The city helps show the hidden meanings in movies that the characters don t say. If they did say these things the city showed it would be a long boring movie. In books these meanings are normally written but because there are no words in movies normally, the dire ctor must show these thoughts. He will normally show this through the weather of the city or just they way the city is acting. The city may be a busy city with cars running around everywhere or really quiet with no one on the streets. The movie’s characters and cities are both needed to create a scene that has depth and is interesting. If neither of these are visible then the film could not have been written very well. Both the city and people should be similar to have the film make sense.Show MoreRelated Ridley Scotts Blade Runner Essay2557 Words   |  11 PagesRidley Scotts Blade Runner In 1982 Ridley Scott’s movie â€Å"Blade Runner† was quietly released and received mixed reviews7. As time passed the movie’s fan base expanded and today, many consider it to be one of the greatest science fiction movies of all time. Numerous people consider it Harrison Ford’s greatest acting role, which, considering the competition consisting of Han Solo and Indiana Jones, is no small feat. Originally, critics missed or were confused by the philosophical questionsRead MoreBlade Runner Analysis1228 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Driscoll Comm 225 Blade Runner Mise en Scene Analysis A Misen Scà ¨ne is a word borrowed from the French theatre. It is actually  everything on screen including scenery and the props used. The  setting, costumes and lighting are also essential in an opening scene.  It is essential in all films, as so much of the appearance and  audience’s attention goes directly there. Scott has also used Film  Noir which implies to the film, set forty yearsRead MoreFrankenstein and Blade Runner Essay (Contexts and Representation)1792 Words   |  8 PagesExplore the way in which different contexts affects the representation of similar content in the texts Frankenstein and Blade Runner. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner, whilst separated by 174 years, feature very similar content which can be seen by comparing the two side by side. Coming from different contexts, they both express their anxieties about technology, which is shown through a man made creature, and they both exhibit a strong valuing of nature. However dueRead More Japanese Animation and Identity Essay3705 Words   |  15 Pagesdubious entity supported by the notion that there are geographical space, indigenous people and the essence of culture, all of which equal the idea, â€Å"the Orient.† A problem arises from these characteristics: based on Said’s notion of Orientalism, is that any discussion of Orientalism, whether critical of it or apologetic for it, goes on only in the West, somewhere distant from supposedly â€Å"Oriental† indigenous people or culture. In other words, not only construction but deconstruction of the dubiousRead MoreTim Burton s Work As A Director2501 Words   |  11 Pagesthe shadow of the Hollywood Hills in Burbank, California, on August 25, 1958. He grew up the son of seemingly distant parents who were also a bit odd. His father, who was injured early in his career as a professional baseball player, worked for the City of Burbank Sports Department. His mother owned a cat-themed gift shop (for cats) called Cats Plus. Burton s room had two large windows that overlooked the yard, but his parents boarded them up (Pringle). My parents covered the windows in my bedroomRead MoreReview Of The Tale Of Tim Burton 2518 Words   |  11 Pagesthe shadow of the Hollywood Hills in Burbank, California, on August 25, 1958. He grew up the son of seemingly distant parents who were also a bit odd. His father, who was injured early in his career as a professional baseball player, worked for the City of Burbank Sports Department. His mother owned a cat-themed gift shop (for cats) called Cats Plus. Burton s bedroom had two large windows that overlooked the yard, but his parents boarded them up (Pringle). My parents covered the windows in my bedroomRead More Dames, Coppers, and Crooks: A L:ook At Film Noir Essay2891 Words   |  12 Pagesof film noir. During the 1930s, American was struggling with the Great Depression. There was widespread unemployment. The country also led an isolationist political belief, had beliefs of lasting world peace and pledged neutrality. They also had a very small standing army. America had all of these beliefs as they entered World War II. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The United States emerged as the one great victor of the war. The war had devastated Europe and shattered Asia. America, however, hadRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 PagesFall of Asclepius By Harm 1 and Icrick Prologue Where should I begin? The apocalypse happened so fast. In less than a month, monsters infested every part of this world. People panicked, people died. They clawed at each other just to get out of all the infested areas around the world. There was problem about fleeing from infested areas. Everywhere was infested. There was no where anyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its deadRead MoreRecent Trends in Advertising11843 Words   |  48 PagesForeword Hrm practices play very important role in managing any type of business. Yes, practices do differ form sector to sector company to company but the basic idea of managing the staff , recruitment and selection procedures are mostly the same. In this project we have considered hrm practices in retail sector. Retail sector in India is now growing aggressively and want for professionals in this sector has also increased. Competition has made a lot of difference in this sector , To match withRead MoreCatering Industry in India15547 Words   |  63 Pageswhich decides a price range for agricultural consumables. But it fixes only on estimates of Demand and supply. Hence any unreasonable increase in produces is restricted and is working in favor of catering industry. Hence Gone are days when onions made people cry by selling at exorbitant prices. â‚ § Govt. should take up initiative of setting up more number of APMC markets.(Agriculture Produce Marketing Centers). The reason for this is that villagers/farmers can directly sell goods in these markets without

Socialism in The Jungle Essay - 1109 Words

Socialism in The Jungle The Rudkus family arrived from Lithuania to find Chicago as a city in which justice and honor, womens bodies and mens souls, were for sale in the marketplace, and human beings writhed and fought and fell upon each other like wolves in the pit, in which lusts were raging fires, and men were fuel, and humanity was festering and stewing and wallowing in its own corruption. (Pg.165) The city, during the time span of the novel, was truly a jungle-like society in which Upton Sinclair found much fault and great room for improvement. Sinclair perceived the problem in American society to be the reign of capitalism. In The Jungle, he presented the reader with the Rudkus family; who encountered a great deal of†¦show more content†¦Courts at this time were solidly pro-business, and not receptive to workers claims of employer responsibility for workplace accidents. Jurgis and his family were faced with many predicaments related to these poor surroundings and circumstances. The family hastily saw that they must enter the competition forced upon them in a social Darwinist fashion. When he first arrived in Packingtown, Jurgis found work quickly in the meat packing industry because of his strong, young stature. As the years went by, however, and he grew plagued with injuries and financial troubles, Jurgis found work to be evermore difficult to obtain and hold. The social system cracked down on the family and offered nowhere for the Rudkus to turn for help. Not only did the family stumble upon difficulties in their workplaces, but in basic living conditions as well. Jurgis and his family witnessed such atrocities, as baby Antanas tragically drowning in the unpaved roads, devastating financial loss through misinformation concerning the purchase and custody of their house, and unsanitary meat packed and sold for regular consumption. Such incredible pandemonium was involved with virtually all of the Rudkus familys daily activities and never ceased to cause anxiety and worry in their overburdened lives. This desolation drove family members to radical attempts at survival and hope for some means of liberation from their atrocious new lives in America. AtShow MoreRelatedSocialism in The Jungle1715 Words   |  7 PagesSocialism in â€Å"The Jungle† By Tyler Dobson Sinclair’s  The Jungle  is a novel that tends to advocate for socialism as a remedy for the evils of capitalism that has dominated a society. Upton Sinclair’s piece was written in 1906, at a time when many European immigrants had migrated to the United States with the hope of becoming prosperous in their lives. However, their expectations were not met as some of them ended up being unemployed and those who managed to get jobs like Jurgis Rudkus inRead MoreSocialism And Capitalism In Upton Sinclairs The Jungle876 Words   |  4 PagesSinclair is trying to argue in his novel, The Jungle. Sinclair makes a strong case for Socialism, describing why capitalism is bound to fail. Instead of having the desired effect of making the world aware of Socialism, his tactics of muckraking and yellow journalism to expose the conditions in the meatpacking facilities took the world by storm. Sinclair’s vivid depictions of life in the Chicago stockyard changed the world in 1906, but it did not bring Socialism into the public eye as he had hoped; insteadRead MoreSocialism And Capitalism In Upton Sinclairs The Jungle1003 Words   |  5 PagesSInclair’s novel, The Jungle, is a novel based on the â€Å"Gilded Age† in american history. It is the life of a working man named Jurgis Rudkus and as the story progresses, it shows the corruption and dishonesty of the people during this time period, as well as their reasoning behind their actions. Also as the novel continued, it showed the authors inspiration for the title of this novel. Throughout the book, Upton Sinclair had scattered metaphors as to why Capitalism is corrupt and why Socialism is better. WithRead MorePromoting Socialism Through Animalistic Connotations in â€Å"The Jungle†981 Words   |  4 PagesIn Upton Sinclair’s novel â€Å"The Jungle† the use of animalistic terms and connotations in the depictions of both the people and the politics created persuasiv e arguments for socialism and against capitalism. Christopher Phelps’ Introduction states, â€Å"As a metaphor, ‘jungle’ denoted the ferocity of dog-eat-dog competition, the barbarity of exploitative work, the wilderness of urban life, the savagery of poverty, the crudity of political corruption, and the primitiveness of the doctrine of survivalRead MoreThe Jungle Of Upton Sinclair1670 Words   |  7 Pages Amanda Poe The Jungle Paper Dr. Barnhart 03/10/17 The Jungle Upton Sinclair came from a life of struggle. He did not start school until after he was ten years old, but was in college by the age of fourteen. He attended City College of New York until he was eighteen, and then he attended Columbia postgraduate. He studied literature, music, history, and philosophy. Sinclair’s childhood was a rough one. He saw two different sides to social class. Since his father was an alcoholic and wouldRead MoreAnalysis Of The BookThe Jungle, By Upton Sinclair1636 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Jungle† is a novel by a renowned author by the name of Upton Sinclair. He is an American author who had an interest in addressing the improper conduct of the political and business class. He was born on September 20, 1878, in Baltimore, Maryland. As an author, he was able to publish several novels addressing important issues in the society. His novels include â€Å"The Springtime and Harvest,† which was his first novel in 1901 and â€Å"The Jungle † among many others. Through his work and dedication, heRead MoreEssay on The American Dream in The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Jr.967 Words   |  4 Pagespolitics† (dictionary.com). Upton Sinclair gained fame in the early 1900’s from his muckraking novel, The Jungle, describing the life of a young Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis, living in Chicago in pursuit of the American dream. Jurgis found out that America isn’t as good as it appeared; with higher wages came more expensive goods, and with cheaper houses came higher interest rates. The Jungle, a fictional novel, tells of the real horrors of working in a Chicago meat packing factory. Sinclair had goneRead MoreDorthy Day ´s Reaction to Upton Sinclair ´s The Jungle Essay860 Words   |  4 Pagestime that she began to read Upton Sinclairs The Jungle. Sinclair was a socialist whom Day most likely would have strongly related to. Day was a part of the Christian Socialist Movement and sympathized with a lot of Sinclairs ideals. At the time she was introduced to The Jungle, Dorothy Day lived in Chicago with her family. Coindentally, The Jungle was set in Chicago, and so Day could further relate to the realities depicted in the novel. The Jungle dealt with the cruel and shocking truths behindRead MoreUpton Sinclair and the Chicago Meat-Packing Industry1072 Words   |  5 Pagesbook, The Jungle. Sinclair agreed to investigate working conditions in Chicagos meatpacking plants, for the Socialist journal, Appeal to Reason, in 1904. The Jungle, published in 1906, is Sinclairs most popular and influential work. It is also his first of many muckraker pieces. In order to improve society, muckrakers wanted to expose any injustice on human rights or well-being. Therefore, it was Sinclairs goal to expose the harsh treatment of factory workers through The Jungle. The improvementRead MoreEssay about Upton Sinclair And The Chicago Meat-Packing Industry1094 Words   |  5 Pagesbook, The Jungle. Sinclair agreed to investigate working conditions in Chicagos meatpacking plants, for the Socialist journal, Appeal to Reason, in 1904. The Jungle, published in 1906, is Sinclairs most popular and influential work. It is also his first of many muckraker pieces. In order to improve society, muckrakers wanted to expose any injustice on human rights or well-being. Therefore, it was Sinclairs goal to expose the harsh treatment of factory workers through The Jungle. The improvement

Why Did Kristallnacht Take Place Free Essays

1. Both sources appear to contradict each other in terms of content. The first, and most important, question risen form these two sources are which is correct in context of who organised the riots. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Kristallnacht Take Place? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Source A clearly states that it was a â€Å"mass attack, which he [Goebbels] and the SA were going to launch†. However, there is a clear contravention in Source B: â€Å"The Fuhrer, at Goebbels suggestion†¦ not to be organised by the party†. However, in looking at what had happened, it seems that Goebbels encouraged a nationwide press campaign to help â€Å"stir† trouble. Also, at a dinner to commemorate the Munich Putsch, Goebbels called for von Rath’s death to be avenged. These pieces of evidence do point towards riots conducted by Goebbels. It may have been, as stated in source A, that Goebbels was out of favour with Hitler and that he was trying to win back support from his Fuhrer. In source A however, whether Hitler did â€Å"squeal with delight† and slap his thigh with â€Å"enthusiasm† at the thought of riots against the Jewish minority is contestable. This is because Hitler was surprised by the extent of the pogrom, and may have been awaiting only sporadic bursts of violence from the population and not the SA. Source A, in terms of provenance, appears not to be as accurate as it seems. This is because it is only a summary by an historian nine years after the end of the First World War, and sixteen years after the events of Kristallnacht. Thus, many incidents may have been altered slightly to suit any other evidence this historian may have. Thus, a possible reason for Hitler â€Å"squealing with delight† and slapping his thigh with â€Å"enthusiasm†. However if nothing had been changed, then the very fact that the account was from a journalist, with insight to the â€Å"political behind the scenes† makes the source a significant one. On the other hand, Source B is by the Nazi Supreme Court. However the noteworthy element about this source is the fact that it is secret. Thus, meaning it is not intentionally prepared for use in the â€Å"political outside†. Therefore, there could be some element of truth in it, making it somewhat useful. However, there are some incorrect statements in the source. Consequently, I have come to the conclusion that Source A is the more useful out of the two sources for anybody studying Kristallnacht. This is because the source is a more reliable source in terms of its content. 2. The clear impression conveyed to the reader of source C is that Kristallnacht was calculated, precise attack on the Jews. Also, Mr. Buffman conveys Kristallnacht as a horrific act of terror. Mr. Buffman has written this as a first hand account, thus, many parts are down to opinion: â€Å"all of the local crowds were obviously horrified by the Nazis’ acts†. Mr. Buffman 3. All three sources convey a general meaning about the events of Kristallnacht: an event disgustingly horrific both morally and physically. Source C and E particularly support each other. Both sources mention the fact that SA/SS men in no uniform had â€Å"been provided with hammers, axes and firebombs†, destroying Jewish synagogues, homes and shops. Source C also implies a calculated, organised riot; source E also conveys this as it states that a â€Å"list of names and addresses of all Jewish shops was provided†. Source E also backs up the statement Mr. Buffman made in Source C concerning the action taken by the German population: â€Å"Most German people have nothing to do with these riots†. Source E must be a reliable source to back up Source C as it is seemingly from a civil servant, working in a day-to-day job with political administrators. Source D also talks about the horrors leading up to Kristallnacht, although not in as much detail as in Sources C and E. The German Jew talks of â€Å"acts of terror†, the ‘decrees’ passed on to force Jews to sell their belongings and â€Å"go away†, the ‘decree’ passed on by Hitler to encourage emigration. Thus, source D does insinuate to the calculated and efficient riots that the government did organise. All of these sources are first hand accounts of the attacks on the Jews on Kristallnacht, thus they must be at least accurate, in terms of what they have interpreted to have witnessed. In looking at the chronology of events leading up to and after Kristallnacht, it seems that the ‘decrees’ made were there to expel Jews from German society. Kristallnacht seemed to be a coincidence in between these events, with the Nazi’s taking full advantage of this. Examples of which are 1) the Jewish minority being forced to pay compensation after the events of Kristallnacht 2) Jews forbidden to visit theatres, cinemas or concerts and 3) expulsion of all Jewish pupils from their schools. The purpose of sources C, D and E is a united one; a need to convey the horrific events, and the truth behind the smoke-screen of newspaper headlines: â€Å"a spontaneous wave of anger†¦ cowardly Jewish murder of Von Rath in Paris† How to cite Why Did Kristallnacht Take Place?, Papers

Laocoon and his Sons †An Anthropological Analysis Essay Example

Laocoon and his Sons – An Anthropological Analysis Paper An Anthropological Analysis of Laocoon and his Sons The famous Laocoon and His Sons statue that is also called the Laocoon Group is a colossal marble sculpture situated in Rome in the Vatican Museums. The effigy was attributed to three sculptors: Athenodoros, Polydorus and Agesander by Pliny, a Roman author. The statue was a life size work measuring about 1.74 meters that displayed Laocoon, a Trojan priest and his two sons Thymbraeus and Antiphantes who were entwined by marine serpents. The historical background of the Laocoon and His Sons statue states that Laocoon was murdered after trying to expose the fraud of the Trojan Horse by attacking it with a lance. Being experienced and wise, Laocoon was skeptical of the strange ‘gift’ horse left by the Greeks after the war. However, his opposition to the idea of taking the horse as spoils of war was interpreted by Trojans as a punishment by the gods for defying destiny. The Laocoon itself is a multifaceted and authoritative work of art that attracts the eye with the extensive, flowing lines of the serpents’ bodies. The serpents wind and pull slyly against the menacing bonds and the hurting and anguish of the priest is very apparent and touching. The sons seek their father’s assistance and he is incapable of helping them, or himself. Laocoon’s wide-open mouth is so superbly detailed one can almost hear his livid scream. The pain of betrayal, by both the Trojans and his gods, is splayed all over Laocoon’s face as clearly as fright is written on his sons’. We will write a custom essay sample on Laocoon and his Sons – An Anthropological Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Laocoon and his Sons – An Anthropological Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Laocoon and his Sons – An Anthropological Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Roman cultural Context in which the Laocoon existed Ancient Rome was typically considered one of the largest empires globally that existed for about twelve centuries. In terms of organization, The Roman society was greatly advanced in warfare, engineering, politics, law, art, language, architecture, technology, government, religion and literature (Smedley 21). Apart from this, the Roman cukture was deeply anthropocentric. The people were te main focus within society. Romans had begun to enjoy advanced technology such as asphalt roads, storied buildings and other public facilities such as monuments and art galleries (Smedley 19). It is against this backdrop of advanced civilization that the Laocoon was sculpted in honor of the rich religious and mythical history of Rome. The Roman society was well organized into urban centers and military settlements having large populations. However, within these settlements there were distinct class structures that divided people into slaves, freedmen and freeborn citizens. The Roman culture was rich in various elements of interest for example, the Colosseum, the Pantheon and other facilities for example, theaters and public baths that were not affected by acculturation. Most of the social activities within Rome happened within these locations and the constant use made them quite significant. The Laocoon held a religious and social significance upon the people of Rome and this made it an even greater sculpture as compared to other works of art (Smedley 16). This emic behavior by the Romans was vital in shaping the global perception on the Laocoon (Smedley 25). This is because in other parts of the world, acculturation played a major role in changing people’s cultures and tastes. The development of Roman sculpture was influenced chiefly by contact with other neighboring societies. Romans initially focused on producing life-size replicas of prominent and victorious personalities within their society. Religious deities were part of this description. Portraiture and religious art were the two main specialties of Roman sculpture (Gupta Ferguson 11). Most entrance halls of Roman architecture were decorated with life-size sculptures and portrait busts. Concerning religious art, the Roman temple was the center for display of several statues of deities and gods. Roman altars in backyards and gardens also had similar statues. Another secondary form or art related to the two was funerary art that displayed the everyday activities by Romans such as agriculture, war and other games. The statue of Laocoon and His Sons was therefore a significant part of the Roman history and heritage that served as a constant reminder of the belief system and great gods that ruled over R ome. In general,., the level of cultural relativism was very low as most Roman artists focused mainly on their type of art. Influence of the Laocoon statue The statue is a major part of the Roman culture that dates back to 50 BC and having close similarity to the Alcyoneus statue dated 160 BC. On the day of discovery, the statue was slightly destroyed with Laocoon‘s right arm missing as well as one arm on the child. Finally, the whole sculpture was torn down and restored with the arm properly in place (Gupta Ferguson 29). During the course of disassembly, the engineers were able to scrutinize the cuttings, breaks, dowel holes, and metal tenons that suggested that in antiquity, a more solid, three-dimensional pyramidal assembly of the three sculptures was used or at least considered. The discovery of the Laocoon statue made a great impact on Italian artists and extensively influenced the development of Italian Renaissance art. The great Michelangelo was particularly influenced by the colossal scale of the work and its sumptuous Hellenistic aesthetics, particularly its representation of the male figures. The discovery of the Laocoo n was a very important finding for educated Renaissance artists and clients who were bent on restoring the ancient Roman culture (Gupta Ferguson 19). The sculpture managed to raise significant religious attention in Rome. At one point, Pope Julius II procured the sculpture for his own collection, after which he paraded the sculpture through the streets of the Rome where the citizens showered it with flower petals. Within art circles, there was a flurry of contests hosted by Donato Bramante to develop a replica of the spoilt parts of the sculpture. The ancient Laocoon also exerted a strong aesthetic power on the High Renaissance artists. The unearthing of the sculpture also speeded up the rediscovery of the classical aesthetic. The Laocoon became a benchmark against which Renaissance art was evaluated, thereby instituting a standard of beauty that influenced art for the next 500 years. By far, Michelangelo was the artist most influenced by the Laocoon, whose representation of the human figure in motion was fundamentally changed by his study of the Laocoon. The work also intensely influenced the development of the western art. Raphael’s painting the Galatea was a response to the sculpture as well as the efforts of Titian in Venice and his Greek apprentice, El Greco. Rubens sketched the Laocoon based the foundation of most of his paintings on the prehistoric sculpture. Even Gericault, the French artist included Laocoon -like elements into his prominent political work, The Raft of the Medusa. Apart from artists, the unearthing of the sculpture was of great importance to political figures. Historically, Francis I, king of France had shown interest in the marvelous work of art and had requested the Pope to give him sculpture as a spoil of war. Therefore, the Pope had a fake replica made in case King Francis became persistent. However, this did not happen but later on, during Napoleon’s reign, the Laocoon soon found itself in France where it stayed for several years until he was defeated. The Laocoon is however not exceptional. Without a doubt, it has been applied too often as a model. Indeed, the creative and chronological life of historical sculpture in contemporary times has probably been based on uplifting individual projects to paradigmatic ranks, and not only the Laocoon. One of the influential people surrounding the Laocoon, El Greco was an academic that had experience in Venetian ‘colorito’ and Renaissance compositional methods. Later on, he developed his eclectic fashion, becoming a principal artist in the Mannerist faction and embracing the Spanish artistic Renaissance. These two styles were evident within Laocoon; El Greco’s solitary painting on a mythological theme. While classical in nature, Laocoon mirrors the artistic, religious, and political revolutions of post-Renaissance society. The Laocoon originated from the Hellenistic Era when Greek art transformed from the quite stiff and motionless art and the romanticized forms of earlier periods, into a more innate free flowing art full of zeal and sensation, whilst keeping a number of the features of preceding periods. Most Hellenistic works of art did not survive the journey to present day, and most instructors depend on Roman replicas for their teaching needs (Gupta Fergus on 62). George E. Marcus multi-sided strategy Multi-sited ethnography is a technique of data collection that tracks a theme or social issue through diverse field sites socially or geographically (Kuhn 12). While different methods can be applied independently, multi-sited ethnography typically demands the use of supplementary techniques like surveys, planned interviews or other data collection methods. Marcus stated that in the research process, scientists could pursue a â€Å"thing†. In the case of the Laocoon, following a â€Å"thing† would offer the best results in multi-sited ethnography, and this involves tracing the geographical journey and social implication of the statue through Europe. When this type of strategy concentrates on tracking the statue, examiners trace signs and representations, or symbolic interpretations of the Laocoon in the lives of the Roman people and any other societies it may have met on its journey (Gupta Ferguson 67). The Laocoon statue was initially sculpted at around 40-20 BCE by three artists: Athenodorus, Agesander and Polydorus. While it was originally situated in Rhodes, the next valid account of its whereabouts placed the statue in Emperor Titus’ palace at around 70 BC. It was in his palace that the fancy description written in Latin was born. The description displayed the Laocoon as being ‘†¦sculptured from a single block, both the main figure as well as the children, and the serpents with their marvelous folds (Kuhn 28).’ In January 1506, the same statue was discovered in a vineyard on the Oppian Hill. This discovery was made by Guiliano da Sangallo and Michelangelo working under the instructions of Pope Julius II (Gupta Ferguson 24). After this unearthing, the statue fell in the hands of the Pope who elevated it to the level of a deity. This discovery also triggered interest among other European artists for example Giovanni Antonio da Brescia, Marcantonio Raimondi and Jacopo Sansovino who experimented with wax, canvas and stone. By 1770, Raphael Mengs had already sculpted a replica of the Laocoon that was being displayed in Florence (Gupta Ferguson 22). The original Laocoon was also shifted to Paris under immense political pressure from the Treaty of Tolentino. There, it underwent several restorations. The sculpture had traversed through France, Italy, parts of Germany and Romania. Therefore, the sculpture has had several contact with different societies and been used for its aesthetic beauty, religious relevance and architectural complexity. However, the Roman influence has greatly overwhelmed all the other aspects of the statue (Kuhn 25). Roman perception of the Laocoon The statement made by Pliny when he was rating the sculpture was a summary of the perceptions of most Romans and art enthusiasts across the globe. Pliny commented that the Laocoon was â€Å"†¦a work that must be considered superior to all other products of the arts of painting and sculpture† (Turner 19). This figure was a very passionate dramatization of the anguish of Laocoon and his sons, portraying in complete practicality the pain that can befall human beings. The serpents fuse the three people, taking the viewer from one person to the next. Every area of Laocoon’s visage portrays his anguish, from his furrowed forehead to the half-shut eyes and parted mouth. All the three individuals are illustrated as being in a reminiscent state of pain. Every single inch of the sculpture exhibits torment and suffering. Among the Romans, the Laocoon statue represented an amazing illustration of the methods that artists used for instance, the dramatic baroque effects. Laocoon cocked his head, as he stared at the heavens with a wrinkled temple and his facial hair in complete disorder. Laocoon’s facial appearance communicated certain misery, agony, and surprise at the basis for such an atrocious attack. Meanwhile, his son’s head was tilted backward from the sting of the beast biting into his upper body (Turner 26). The features contained in this group of sculptures particularly the facial expressions and the complexity of the bodily fine points portray emotions of fright, agony and disbelief as the family struggled to understand why the gods and their fellow men would betray and feed them to serpents (Turner 27). Conclusion In conclusion, the beforehand arguments and illustrations have managed to demonstrate the main reasons as to why the Laocoon statue was considered a significant element of the Hellenistic baroque, a religious deity and an informative piece of learning material. The illustration of feats and emotions, the pleasure of triumph and the anguish of loss all coalesce to deliver a much more practical, naturalistic and aesthetically satisfying work than those from the previous periods. The motivational influence that it had on later artists, for example Michelangelo makes the Laocoon even more significant to the future generations (Turner 21). Work Cited Gupta, A, and Ferguson J. Beyond â€Å"culture†: Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference. Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology. 1999. Print. Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Print. Smedley, A. Race and the Construction of Human Identity. American Anthropologist. 100.3. 1998: 690-702. Print. Turner, Victor. Process, System, and Symbol: a New Anthropological Synthesis. Daedalus. 106.3. 1977: 61-80. Print.